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<blockquote data-quote="genc_kalem" data-source="post: 303936" data-attributes="member: 15919"><p>[h=2]<span style="color: #ff0000">İsm-i fâil</span>[/h]</p><p>[h=2] [/h]Fiilin sahibini belirtmek için kullanılan kalıptır. “<strong>F</strong>e<strong>t</strong>i<strong>h</strong>” fiilinin ism-i fâili “<strong>F</strong>â<strong>t</strong>i<strong>h</strong>=<strong>f</strong>e<strong>th</strong>eden”, “Mu<strong>h</strong>a<strong>r</strong>e<strong>b</strong>e” fiilinin ism-i fâili “mu<strong>h</strong>a<strong>r</strong>i<strong>b</strong>=<strong>h</strong>a<strong>rb</strong>eden” olur. Ancak unutmayın; her fiilin ism-i fâili olacak diye bir kural yok.</p><p>[h=3]<span style="color: #ff0000">a. Mücerred (ilâvesiz) fiillerde</span>[/h]Bütün üçlü mücerred fiillerin ism-i fâilleri “فَاعِلْ=<strong>fâil</strong>” vezninde olur. 1. kök harfinden sonra bir elif eklenerek yapılır. Türkçedeki yansıması şöyledir:</p><p></p><p> </p><table style='width: 100%'><tr><td><strong>İsm-i fâil</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>Kök</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>f</strong>â<strong>t</strong>i<strong>h</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>f</strong>e<strong>t</strong>i<strong>h</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>c</strong>â<strong>h</strong>i<strong>l</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>c</strong>e<strong>hl</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>s</strong>â<strong>l</strong>i<strong>m</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>s</strong>e<strong>l</strong>â<strong>m</strong>et<br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>n</strong>â<strong>d</strong>i<strong>m</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>n</strong>e<strong>d</strong>â<strong>m</strong>et<br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>s</strong>â<strong>d</strong>ı<strong>k</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>s</strong>a<strong>d</strong>â<strong>k</strong>at<br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>t</strong>â<strong>c</strong>i<strong>r</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>t</strong>i<strong>c</strong>â<strong>r</strong>et<br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>h</strong>â<strong>z</strong>ı<strong>r</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>h</strong>u<strong>z</strong>û<strong>r</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>h</strong>â<strong>r</strong>i<strong>c</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>h</strong>u<strong>r</strong>û<strong>c</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>k</strong>â<strong>t</strong>i<strong>l</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>k</strong>a<strong>tl</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>h</strong>â<strong>k</strong>i<strong>m</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>h</strong>ü<strong>km</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>ş</strong>â<strong>k</strong>i<strong>r</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>ş</strong>ü<strong>kr</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>z</strong>â<strong>l</strong>i<strong>m</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>z</strong>u<strong>lm</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>t</strong>â<strong>l</strong>i<strong>p</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>t</strong>a<strong>l</strong>e<strong>p</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>s</strong>â<strong>l</strong>i<strong>h</strong><br /> </td><td>ma<strong>sl</strong>a<strong>h</strong>at<br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>n</strong>â<strong>d</strong>i<strong>r</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>n</strong>e<strong>dr</strong>et<br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>h</strong>â<strong>d</strong>i<strong>m</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>h</strong>i<strong>dm</strong>et (hizmet)<br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>k</strong>â<strong>d</strong>i<strong>r</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>k</strong>u<strong>dr</strong>et<br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>k</strong>â<strong>m</strong>i<strong>l</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>k</strong>e<strong>m</strong>â<strong>l</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>v</strong>â<strong>s</strong>ı<strong>l</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>v</strong>i<strong>s</strong>â<strong>l</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>ş</strong>â<strong>k</strong>i<strong>r</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>ş</strong>ü<strong>kr</strong>ân<br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>k</strong>â<strong>f</strong>i<strong>r</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>k</strong>ü<strong>fr</strong>ân<br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>s</strong>â<strong>il</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>s</strong>u<strong>âl</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>âr</strong>i<strong>f</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>irf</strong>ân<br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>âş</strong>ı<strong>k</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>aşk</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>s</strong>â<strong>ik</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>s</strong>e<strong>vk</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>âr</strong>i<strong>f</strong><br /> </td><td>ma<strong>’r</strong>i<strong>f</strong>et<br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>vâ</strong>i<strong>z</strong><br /> </td><td>me<strong>v’</strong>i<strong>z</strong>e<br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>c</strong>â<strong>r</strong>î<br /> </td><td><strong>c</strong>e<strong>r</strong>e<strong>y</strong>ân<br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>r</strong>â<strong>v</strong>î<br /> </td><td><strong>r</strong>i<strong>v</strong>â<strong>y</strong>et<br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>k</strong>â<strong>r</strong>i<br /> </td><td><strong>k</strong>ı<strong>r</strong>â<strong>a</strong>t<br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>âl</strong>i<strong>m</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>ilm</strong><br /> </td></tr></table><p></p><p></p><p> </p><p>Dörtlü mücerred fiil olan “<strong>fa’lele</strong>”nin ism-i fâili “مُفَعْلِلْ=<strong>müfa’lil</strong>” vezninde olur. Türkçedeki yansıması şöyledir:</p><table style='width: 100%'><tr><td><strong>İsm-i fâil</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>Kök</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>mü<strong>t</strong>e<strong>rc</strong>i<strong>m</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>t</strong>e<strong>rc</strong>e<strong>m</strong>e<br /> </td></tr><tr><td>mü<strong>v</strong>e<strong>sv</strong>i<strong>s</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>v</strong>e<strong>sv</strong>e<strong>s</strong>e<br /> </td></tr></table><p></p><p> </p><p>[h=3]<span style="color: #ff0000">b. Mezîd (ilâveli) fiillerde</span>[/h]Aşağıdaki tabloda her kalıptan bir miktar ism-i fâil gösterilmiştir. Ancak unutmayın; her fiilin her kalıptan ism-i fâili olamaz, bazılarının olsa bile kullanımda yok gibidir. Zaten bizim işimiz de her fiilin her kalıbını bulmak değil, doğru kullanılmış bir kalıptaki kelimenin anlamını bulmak. Dolayısıyla mevdudun üzerinden gideceğimize göre problem yok demektir.</p><table style='width: 100%'><tr><td> <br /> </td><td><strong>İf’âl</strong><br /> <strong>(</strong>إِفْعَالْ<strong>)</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>Tef’îl</strong><br /> <strong>(</strong>تَفْعِيلْ<strong>)</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>Müfâale</strong><br /> <strong> (</strong>مُفَاعَلَة<strong>)</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>İnfiâl</strong><br /> <strong>(</strong>اِنْفِعَالْ<strong>)</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>İsm-i</strong><br /> <strong>fâil</strong><br /> </td><td>Mu<strong>hb</strong>i<strong>r</strong><br /> Mu<strong>hl</strong>i<strong>s</strong><br /> Mü<strong>fl</strong>i<strong>s</strong><br /> Mü<strong>fs</strong>i<strong>d</strong><br /> Mü<strong>şr</strong>i<strong>k</strong><br /> Mu<strong>hs</strong>i<strong>n</strong><br /> Mü<strong>cb</strong>i<strong>r</strong><br /> Mü<strong>dr</strong>i<strong>k</strong><br /> Mü<strong>dh</strong>i<strong>l</strong><br /> Mu<strong>z</strong>ı<strong>rr</strong><br /> Mu<strong>’c</strong>i<strong>b</strong><br /> Mu<strong>’c</strong>i<strong>z</strong><br /> M<strong>ûc</strong>i<strong>d</strong><br /> Mu<strong>k</strong>î<strong>m</strong><br /> Mü<strong>r</strong>î<strong>d</strong><br /> </td><td>Mü<strong>ş</strong>e<strong><u>bb</u></strong>i<strong>h</strong><br /> Mu<strong>h</strong>a<strong><u>ss</u></strong>i<strong>n</strong><br /> Mü<strong>n</strong>a<strong><u>kk</u></strong>ı<strong>ş</strong><br /> Mü<strong>d</strong>e<strong><u>rr</u></strong>i<strong>s</strong> <br /> Mü<strong>f</strong>e<strong><u>tt</u></strong>i<strong>ş</strong><br /> Mü<strong>b</strong>e<strong><u>ll</u></strong>i<strong>ğ</strong><br /> Mü<strong>e<u>dd</u></strong>i<strong>b</strong><br /> </td><td>Mu<strong>h</strong>â<strong>r</strong>i<strong>b</strong><br /> Mu<strong>t</strong>â<strong>b</strong>ı<strong>k</strong><br /> Mü<strong>d</strong>â<strong>h</strong>i<strong>l</strong><br /> Mü<strong>d</strong>â<strong>f</strong>i<strong>’</strong><br /> <br /> </td><td>Mün<strong>k</strong>a<strong>l</strong>i<strong>b</strong><br /> Mün<strong>ş</strong>e<strong>r</strong>i<strong>h</strong><br /> Mün<strong>t</strong>e<strong>s</strong>i<strong>b</strong><br /> </td></tr></table><p></p><p> </p><table style='width: 100%'><tr><td> <br /> </td><td><strong>İftiâl</strong><br /> <strong>(</strong>اِفْتِعَالْ<strong>)</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>Tefe’’ul</strong><br /> <strong> (</strong>تَفَعُّلْ<strong>)</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>Tefâul</strong><br /> <strong>(</strong>تَفَاعُلْ<strong>)</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>İstif’âl</strong><br /> <strong>(</strong>اِسْتِفْعَالْ<strong>)</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>İsm-i</strong><br /> <strong>fâil</strong><br /> </td><td>Mü<strong>n</strong>ta<strong>k</strong>i<strong>l</strong><br /> Mu<strong>k</strong>te<strong>d</strong>i<strong>r</strong><br /> Mü<strong>f</strong>te<strong>h</strong>i<strong>r</strong><br /> Mu<strong>k</strong>te<strong>b</strong>i<strong>s</strong><br /> Mu<strong>’</strong>te<strong>r</strong>i<strong>z</strong><br /> Mu<strong>’</strong>te<strong>d</strong>i<strong>l</strong><br /> </td><td>Müte<strong>k</strong>e<strong><u>bb</u></strong>i<strong>r</strong><br /> Müte<strong>h</strong>a<strong><u>kk</u></strong>ı<strong>k</strong><br /> Müte<strong>h</strong>a<strong><u>kk</u></strong>i<strong>m</strong><br /> Müte<strong>ş</strong>e<strong><u>kk</u></strong>i<strong>l</strong><br /> Müte<strong>ş</strong>e<strong><u>bb</u></strong>i<strong>s</strong><br /> </td><td>Müte<strong>c</strong>â<strong>h</strong>i<strong>l</strong><br /> Müte<strong>k</strong>â<strong>m</strong>i<strong>l</strong><br /> Müte<strong>m</strong>â<strong>y</strong>i<strong>l</strong><br /> </td><td>Müsta<strong>hk</strong>i<strong>r</strong><br /> Müsta<strong>k</strong>i<strong>ll</strong><br /> Müste<strong>m</strong>i<strong>dd</strong><br /> Müste<strong>f</strong>î<strong>d</strong><br /> </td></tr></table><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p>[h=2]<span style="color: #ff0000">İsm-i mef’ûl</span>[/h]</p><p>[h=2] [/h]Fiilden etkileneni belirtmek için kullanılan kalıptır. “<strong>C</strong>e<strong>hl</strong>” fiilinin ism-i mef’ûlü “me<strong>ch</strong>û<strong>l</strong>=bilinmeyen”, “te<strong>sc</strong>i<strong>l</strong>” fiilinin ism-i mef’ûlü “mü<strong>s</strong>e<strong>cc</strong>e<strong>l</strong>=te<strong>sc</strong>i<strong>l</strong> edilmiş” gibi. Ancak unutmayın; her fiilin ism-i mef’ûlü olacak diye bir kural yok.</p><p>[h=3]<span style="color: #ff0000">a. Mücerred (ilâvesiz) fiillerde</span>[/h]Bütün üçlü mücerred fiillerin ism-i mef’ûlleri “مَفْعُولْ=<strong>mef’ûl</strong>” vezninde olur. 1. kök harfinin başına “mim”, son harfinden evvel de “vav” ilâvesiyle yapılır. Türkçedeki yansıması şöyledir:</p><p></p><p> </p><table style='width: 100%'><tr><td><strong>İsm-i fâil</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>Kök</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>me<strong>ch</strong>û<strong>l</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>c</strong>e<strong>hl</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>ma<strong>’l</strong>û<strong>m</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>ilm</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>ma<strong>hd</strong>û<strong>d</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>h</strong>a<strong>dd</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>ma<strong>sd</strong>û<strong>k</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>s</strong>a<strong>d</strong>â<strong>k</strong>at<br /> </td></tr><tr><td>ma<strong>kt</strong>û<strong>l</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>k</strong>a<strong>tl</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>ma<strong>hk</strong>û<strong>m</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>h</strong>ü<strong>km</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>me<strong>şk</strong>û<strong>r</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>ş</strong>ü<strong>kr</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>ma<strong>zl</strong>û<strong>m</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>z</strong>u<strong>lm</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>ma<strong>tl</strong>û<strong>p</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>t</strong>a<strong>l</strong>e<strong>p</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>me<strong>şk</strong>û<strong>r</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>ş</strong>ü<strong>kr</strong>ân<br /> </td></tr><tr><td>me<strong>s’</strong>û<strong>l</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>s</strong>u<strong>âl</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>me<strong>'m</strong>û<strong>r</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>emr</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>me<strong>'z</strong>û<strong>n</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>izn</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>ma<strong>’r</strong>û<strong>f</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>irf</strong>ân<br /> </td></tr><tr><td>ma<strong>’d</strong>û<strong>d</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>add</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>ma<strong>’ş</strong>û<strong>k</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>aşk</strong><br /> </td></tr></table><p></p><p></p><p>Dörtlü mücerred fiil olan “<strong>fa’lele</strong>”nin ism-i mef’ûlü “مُفَعْلَلْ=<strong>müfa’lel</strong>” vezninde olur. Türkçedeki yansıması şöyledir:</p><table style='width: 100%'><tr><td><strong>İsm-i mef’ûl</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>Kök</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>mü<strong>c</strong>e<strong>vh</strong>e<strong>r</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>c</strong>e<strong>vh</strong>e<strong>r</strong>e<br /> </td></tr><tr><td>mü<strong>d</strong>e<strong>bd</strong>e<strong>b</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>d</strong>e<strong>bd</strong>e<strong>b</strong>e<br /> </td></tr><tr><td>mu<strong>t</strong>a<strong>nt</strong>a<strong>n</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>t</strong>a<strong>nt</strong>a<strong>n</strong>a<br /> </td></tr></table><p></p><p> </p><p>[h=3]<span style="color: #ff0000">b. Mezîd (ilâveli) fiillerde</span>[/h] </p><table style='width: 100%'><tr><td> <br /> </td><td><strong>İf’âl</strong><strong>(</strong>إِفْعَالْ<strong>)</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>Tef’îl</strong><strong>(</strong>تَفْعِيلْ<strong>)</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>Müfâale</strong><strong>(</strong>مُفَاعَلَة<strong>)</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>İnfiâl</strong><strong>(</strong>اِنْفِعَالْ<strong>)</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>İsm-i mef’ûl</strong><br /> </td><td>Mü<strong>cb</strong>e<strong>r</strong><br /> Mü<strong>sb</strong>e<strong>t</strong><br /> Mü<strong>sn</strong>e<strong>d</strong><br /> Mü<strong>dh</strong>a<strong>l</strong><br /> Mu<strong>hk</strong>e<strong>m</strong><br /> Mü<strong>hm</strong>e<strong>l</strong><br /> Mü<strong>nk</strong>e<strong>r</strong><br /> Mu<strong>r</strong>â<strong>d</strong><br /> </td><td>Mü<strong>n</strong>a<strong><u>kk</u></strong>a<strong>ş</strong><br /> Mü<strong>c</strong>e<strong><u>ss</u></strong>e<strong>m</strong><br /> Mü<strong>ş</strong>e<strong><u>kk</u></strong>e<strong>l</strong><br /> Mü<strong>e<u>dd</u></strong>e<strong>b</strong><br /> </td><td>Mu<strong>h</strong>â<strong>t</strong>a<strong>b</strong><br /> </td><td>?<br /> </td></tr></table><p></p><p> </p><table style='width: 100%'><tr><td> <br /> </td><td><strong>İftiâl </strong><strong>(</strong>اِفْتِعَالْ<strong>)</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>Tefe’’ul</strong><br /> <strong> (</strong>تَفَعُّلْ<strong>)</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>Tefâul</strong><strong>(</strong>تَفَاعُلْ<strong>)</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>İstif’âl</strong><strong>(</strong>اِسْتِفْعَالْ<strong>)</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>İsm-i mef’ûl</strong><br /> </td><td>Mu<strong>k</strong>te<strong>b</strong>e<strong>s</strong><br /> Mü<strong>k</strong>te<strong>s</strong>e<strong>b</strong><br /> Mu<strong>’</strong>te<strong>m</strong>e<strong>d</strong><br /> </td><td>Müte<strong>h</strong>a<strong><u>yy</u></strong>e<strong>r</strong><br /> Müte<strong>h</strong>a<strong><u>yy</u></strong>e<strong>l</strong><br /> </td><td>?<br /> </td><td>Müsta<strong>hk</strong>a<strong>r</strong><br /> Müsta<strong>hd</strong>e<strong>m</strong><br /> Müste<strong>h</strong>a<strong>kk</strong><br /> Müste<strong>m</strong>e<strong>dd</strong><br /> Müste<strong>f</strong>â<strong>d</strong><br /> </td></tr></table><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p>[h=2]<span style="color: #ff0000">İsm-i mekan</span>[/h]</p><p>[h=2] [/h]Bir fiilin işlendiği yeri gösteren isimlerdir. “مَفْعَلْ=<strong>mef’al</strong>” veya “مَفْعِلْ=<strong>mef’il</strong>” vezninde olur. Türkçedeki yansıması şöyledir:</p><table style='width: 100%'><tr><td><br /> <br /> <strong>İsm-i mekân</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>Kök</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>me<strong>kt</strong>e<strong>b</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>k</strong>i<strong>t</strong>â<strong>b</strong>et<br /> </td></tr><tr><td>me<strong>sl</strong>e<strong>k</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>s</strong>ü<strong>l</strong>û<strong>k</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>me<strong>dr</strong>e<strong>s</strong>e<br /> </td><td><strong>d</strong>e<strong>rs</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>ma<strong>hk</strong>e<strong>m</strong>e<br /> </td><td><strong>h</strong>u<strong>km</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>me<strong>nz</strong>i<strong>l</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>n</strong>ü<strong>z</strong>û<strong>l</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>me<strong>sc</strong>i<strong>d</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>s</strong>e<strong>cd</strong>e<br /> </td></tr><tr><td>me<strong>cl</strong>i<strong>s</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>c</strong>ü<strong>l</strong>û<strong>s</strong><br /> </td></tr></table><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p>[h=2]<span style="color: #ff0000">İsm-i mensûb</span>[/h]</p><p>[h=2] [/h]İsm-i mensûb, bir şeye mensup olmayı veya ilgili bulunmayı ifade eder. Arapça ismin sonuna şeddeli bir “يّ=yâ” eklemek suretiyle elde edilir. Türkçede metinde ise, kelimenin sonuna –î eklenmiştir (sonda sesli bir harf var idiyse o kaldırılır).</p><table style='width: 100%'><tr><td><br /> <br /> <strong>İsm-i mekân</strong><br /> </td><td><strong>Mânâsı</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>Mekkî<br /> </td><td>Mekkeli<br /> </td></tr><tr><td>Nursî<br /> </td><td>Nurs’lu<br /> </td></tr><tr><td>Şemsî<br /> </td><td>Şems’le ilgili<br /> </td></tr><tr><td>Kamerî<br /> </td><td>Kamer’le ilgili<br /> </td></tr><tr><td>Rahmânî<br /> </td><td>Rahmân’a ait<br /> </td></tr><tr><td>Manevî<br /> </td><td>Manaya ait olan<br /> </td></tr><tr><td>Mecazî<br /> </td><td>Mecaza ait olan<br /> </td></tr></table><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p>[h=2]<span style="color: #ff0000">Mübalağa sigası</span>[/h]</p><p>[h=2][/h]Bunlar mübalağa (yalan değil pekiştirme) ifade ederler. Meselâ “<strong>R</strong>â<strong>z</strong>ı<strong>k</strong>” sadece “rızık veren” iken “<strong>R</strong>e<strong><u>zz</u></strong>â<strong>k</strong>” kelimesi, “bol ve sınırsız verme” gibi anlamları da katar. Başlıca vezinleri:</p><p> </p><table style='width: 100%'><tr><td>Fa’âl (فَعَّالْ)<br /> </td><td><strong>R</strong>e<strong><u>zz</u></strong>â<strong>k</strong><br /> <strong>V</strong>e<strong><u>hh</u></strong>â<strong>b</strong><br /> <strong>C</strong>e<strong><u>rr</u></strong>â<strong>h</strong><br /> <strong>H</strong>a<strong><u>mm</u></strong>â<strong>l</strong><br /> <strong>S</strong>e<strong><u>hh</u></strong>â<strong>r</strong><br /> <strong>D</strong>e<strong><u>ss</u></strong>â<strong>s</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>Fe’âle (فَعَّالَة)<br /> </td><td><strong>A<u>ll</u></strong>â<strong>m</strong>e<br /> <strong>F</strong>e<strong><u>hh</u></strong>â<strong>m</strong>e<br /> </td></tr><tr><td>Faîl (فَعِيلْ)<br /> </td><td><strong>Al</strong>î<strong>m</strong><br /> <strong>R</strong>a<strong>h</strong>î<strong>m</strong><br /> <strong>K</strong>e<strong>r</strong>î<strong>m</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>Fa’ûl (فَعُولْ)<br /> </td><td><strong>S</strong>a<strong>b</strong>û<strong>r</strong><br /> <strong>S</strong>a<strong>d</strong>û<strong>k</strong><br /> <strong>Ş</strong>e<strong>k</strong>û<strong>r</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>Fi’’îl (فِعِّيلْ)<br /> </td><td><strong>S</strong>ı<strong><u>dd</u></strong>î<strong>k</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>Fuâl (فُعَالْ)<br /> </td><td><strong>Ş</strong>ü<strong>c</strong>â<strong>’</strong><br /> </td></tr><tr><td>Mif’îl (مِفْعِيلْ)<br /> </td><td>Mi<strong>sk</strong>î<strong>n</strong><br /> </td></tr></table><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p>[h=2]<span style="color: #ff0000">İsm-i tafdîl</span>[/h]</p><p>[h=2] [/h] “أفْعَلْ=<strong>ef’al</strong>” vezninde olur.</p><table style='width: 100%'><tr><td>Ef’al (أَفْعَلْ)<br /> </td><td>E<strong>ch</strong>e<strong>l </strong>(en/daha <strong>c</strong>a<strong>h</strong>i<strong>l</strong>=bilgisiz)<br /> E<strong>sl</strong>e<strong>m </strong>(en/daha <strong>s</strong>â<strong>l</strong>i<strong>m</strong>=selâmetli)<br /> E<strong>lz</strong>e<strong>m </strong>(en/daha <strong>l</strong>a<strong>z</strong>ı<strong>m</strong>=lüzumlu)<br /> E<strong>ly</strong>a<strong>k </strong>(en/daha <strong>l</strong>a<strong>y</strong>ı<strong>k</strong>=liyâkatli)<br /> E<strong>sf</strong>e<strong>l </strong>(en/daha <strong>s</strong>ü<strong>fl</strong>î=sefîl)<br /> E<strong>kb</strong>e<strong>r </strong>(en/daha <strong>k</strong>e<strong>b</strong>î<strong>r</strong>=büyük)<br /> E<strong>ks</strong>e<strong>r </strong>(en/daha <strong>k</strong>e<strong>s</strong>î<strong>r</strong>=çok)<br /> A<strong>sğ</strong>a<strong>r </strong>(en/daha <strong>s</strong>a<strong>ğ</strong>î<strong>r</strong>=küçük)<br /> E<strong>s</strong>a<strong>hh </strong>(en/daha <strong>s</strong>a<strong>h</strong>i<strong>h</strong>=sıhhatli)<br /> E<strong>k</strong>a<strong>ll </strong>(en/daha <strong>k</strong>a<strong>l</strong>î<strong>l</strong>=az)<br /> E<strong>ş</strong>e<strong>dd </strong>(en/daha <strong>ş</strong>e<strong>d</strong>î<strong>d</strong>=şiddetli)<br /> E<strong>vlâ </strong>(en/daha <strong>v</strong>e<strong>lî</strong>=yakın)<br /> A<strong>’lâ </strong>(en/daha <strong>alî</strong>=yüce, iyi)<br /> </td></tr></table><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong>kaynak: <a href="http://www.nuriklimi.com" target="_blank">Sorularla Risale | Ana Sayfa</a></strong></span></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="genc_kalem, post: 303936, member: 15919"] [h=2][COLOR=#ff0000]İsm-i fâil[/COLOR][/h] [h=2][COLOR=#ff0000] [/COLOR][/h]Fiilin sahibini belirtmek için kullanılan kalıptır. “[B]F[/B]e[B]t[/B]i[B]h[/B]” fiilinin ism-i fâili “[B]F[/B]â[B]t[/B]i[B]h[/B]=[B]f[/B]e[B]th[/B]eden”, “Mu[B]h[/B]a[B]r[/B]e[B]b[/B]e” fiilinin ism-i fâili “mu[B]h[/B]a[B]r[/B]i[B]b[/B]=[B]h[/B]a[B]rb[/B]eden” olur. Ancak unutmayın; her fiilin ism-i fâili olacak diye bir kural yok. [h=3][COLOR=#ff0000]a. Mücerred (ilâvesiz) fiillerde[/COLOR][/h]Bütün üçlü mücerred fiillerin ism-i fâilleri “فَاعِلْ=[B]fâil[/B]” vezninde olur. 1. kök harfinden sonra bir elif eklenerek yapılır. Türkçedeki yansıması şöyledir: [TABLE="width: 177, align: center"] [TR] [TD][B]İsm-i fâil[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]Kök[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]f[/B]â[B]t[/B]i[B]h[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]f[/B]e[B]t[/B]i[B]h[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]c[/B]â[B]h[/B]i[B]l[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]c[/B]e[B]hl[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]s[/B]â[B]l[/B]i[B]m[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]s[/B]e[B]l[/B]â[B]m[/B]et [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]n[/B]â[B]d[/B]i[B]m[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]n[/B]e[B]d[/B]â[B]m[/B]et [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]s[/B]â[B]d[/B]ı[B]k[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]s[/B]a[B]d[/B]â[B]k[/B]at [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]t[/B]â[B]c[/B]i[B]r[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]t[/B]i[B]c[/B]â[B]r[/B]et [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]h[/B]â[B]z[/B]ı[B]r[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]h[/B]u[B]z[/B]û[B]r[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]h[/B]â[B]r[/B]i[B]c[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]h[/B]u[B]r[/B]û[B]c[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]k[/B]â[B]t[/B]i[B]l[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]k[/B]a[B]tl[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]h[/B]â[B]k[/B]i[B]m[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]h[/B]ü[B]km[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]ş[/B]â[B]k[/B]i[B]r[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]ş[/B]ü[B]kr[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]z[/B]â[B]l[/B]i[B]m[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]z[/B]u[B]lm[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]t[/B]â[B]l[/B]i[B]p[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]t[/B]a[B]l[/B]e[B]p[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]s[/B]â[B]l[/B]i[B]h[/B] [/TD] [TD]ma[B]sl[/B]a[B]h[/B]at [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]n[/B]â[B]d[/B]i[B]r[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]n[/B]e[B]dr[/B]et [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]h[/B]â[B]d[/B]i[B]m[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]h[/B]i[B]dm[/B]et (hizmet) [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]k[/B]â[B]d[/B]i[B]r[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]k[/B]u[B]dr[/B]et [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]k[/B]â[B]m[/B]i[B]l[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]k[/B]e[B]m[/B]â[B]l[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]v[/B]â[B]s[/B]ı[B]l[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]v[/B]i[B]s[/B]â[B]l[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]ş[/B]â[B]k[/B]i[B]r[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]ş[/B]ü[B]kr[/B]ân [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]k[/B]â[B]f[/B]i[B]r[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]k[/B]ü[B]fr[/B]ân [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]s[/B]â[B]il[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]s[/B]u[B]âl[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]âr[/B]i[B]f[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]irf[/B]ân [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]âş[/B]ı[B]k[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]aşk[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]s[/B]â[B]ik[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]s[/B]e[B]vk[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]âr[/B]i[B]f[/B] [/TD] [TD]ma[B]’r[/B]i[B]f[/B]et [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]vâ[/B]i[B]z[/B] [/TD] [TD]me[B]v’[/B]i[B]z[/B]e [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]c[/B]â[B]r[/B]î [/TD] [TD][B]c[/B]e[B]r[/B]e[B]y[/B]ân [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]r[/B]â[B]v[/B]î [/TD] [TD][B]r[/B]i[B]v[/B]â[B]y[/B]et [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]k[/B]â[B]r[/B]i [/TD] [TD][B]k[/B]ı[B]r[/B]â[B]a[/B]t [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]âl[/B]i[B]m[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]ilm[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [/TABLE] Dörtlü mücerred fiil olan “[B]fa’lele[/B]”nin ism-i fâili “مُفَعْلِلْ=[B]müfa’lil[/B]” vezninde olur. Türkçedeki yansıması şöyledir: [TABLE="width: 178, align: center"] [TR] [TD][B]İsm-i fâil[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]Kök[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]mü[B]t[/B]e[B]rc[/B]i[B]m[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]t[/B]e[B]rc[/B]e[B]m[/B]e [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]mü[B]v[/B]e[B]sv[/B]i[B]s[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]v[/B]e[B]sv[/B]e[B]s[/B]e [/TD] [/TR] [/TABLE] [h=3][COLOR=#ff0000]b. Mezîd (ilâveli) fiillerde[/COLOR][/h]Aşağıdaki tabloda her kalıptan bir miktar ism-i fâil gösterilmiştir. Ancak unutmayın; her fiilin her kalıptan ism-i fâili olamaz, bazılarının olsa bile kullanımda yok gibidir. Zaten bizim işimiz de her fiilin her kalıbını bulmak değil, doğru kullanılmış bir kalıptaki kelimenin anlamını bulmak. Dolayısıyla mevdudun üzerinden gideceğimize göre problem yok demektir. [TABLE="width: 343, align: center"] [TR] [TD] [/TD] [TD][B]İf’âl[/B] [B]([/B]إِفْعَالْ[B])[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]Tef’îl[/B] [B]([/B]تَفْعِيلْ[B])[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]Müfâale[/B] [B] ([/B]مُفَاعَلَة[B])[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]İnfiâl[/B] [B]([/B]اِنْفِعَالْ[B])[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]İsm-i[/B] [B]fâil[/B] [/TD] [TD]Mu[B]hb[/B]i[B]r[/B] Mu[B]hl[/B]i[B]s[/B] Mü[B]fl[/B]i[B]s[/B] Mü[B]fs[/B]i[B]d[/B] Mü[B]şr[/B]i[B]k[/B] Mu[B]hs[/B]i[B]n[/B] Mü[B]cb[/B]i[B]r[/B] Mü[B]dr[/B]i[B]k[/B] Mü[B]dh[/B]i[B]l[/B] Mu[B]z[/B]ı[B]rr[/B] Mu[B]’c[/B]i[B]b[/B] Mu[B]’c[/B]i[B]z[/B] M[B]ûc[/B]i[B]d[/B] Mu[B]k[/B]î[B]m[/B] Mü[B]r[/B]î[B]d[/B] [/TD] [TD]Mü[B]ş[/B]e[B][U]bb[/U][/B]i[B]h[/B] Mu[B]h[/B]a[B][U]ss[/U][/B]i[B]n[/B] Mü[B]n[/B]a[B][U]kk[/U][/B]ı[B]ş[/B] Mü[B]d[/B]e[B][U]rr[/U][/B]i[B]s[/B] Mü[B]f[/B]e[B][U]tt[/U][/B]i[B]ş[/B] Mü[B]b[/B]e[B][U]ll[/U][/B]i[B]ğ[/B] Mü[B]e[U]dd[/U][/B]i[B]b[/B] [/TD] [TD]Mu[B]h[/B]â[B]r[/B]i[B]b[/B] Mu[B]t[/B]â[B]b[/B]ı[B]k[/B] Mü[B]d[/B]â[B]h[/B]i[B]l[/B] Mü[B]d[/B]â[B]f[/B]i[B]’[/B] [/TD] [TD]Mün[B]k[/B]a[B]l[/B]i[B]b[/B] Mün[B]ş[/B]e[B]r[/B]i[B]h[/B] Mün[B]t[/B]e[B]s[/B]i[B]b[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [/TABLE] [TABLE="width: 409, align: center"] [TR] [TD] [/TD] [TD][B]İftiâl[/B] [B]([/B]اِفْتِعَالْ[B])[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]Tefe’’ul[/B] [B] ([/B]تَفَعُّلْ[B])[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]Tefâul[/B] [B]([/B]تَفَاعُلْ[B])[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]İstif’âl[/B] [B]([/B]اِسْتِفْعَالْ[B])[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]İsm-i[/B] [B]fâil[/B] [/TD] [TD]Mü[B]n[/B]ta[B]k[/B]i[B]l[/B] Mu[B]k[/B]te[B]d[/B]i[B]r[/B] Mü[B]f[/B]te[B]h[/B]i[B]r[/B] Mu[B]k[/B]te[B]b[/B]i[B]s[/B] Mu[B]’[/B]te[B]r[/B]i[B]z[/B] Mu[B]’[/B]te[B]d[/B]i[B]l[/B] [/TD] [TD]Müte[B]k[/B]e[B][U]bb[/U][/B]i[B]r[/B] Müte[B]h[/B]a[B][U]kk[/U][/B]ı[B]k[/B] Müte[B]h[/B]a[B][U]kk[/U][/B]i[B]m[/B] Müte[B]ş[/B]e[B][U]kk[/U][/B]i[B]l[/B] Müte[B]ş[/B]e[B][U]bb[/U][/B]i[B]s[/B] [/TD] [TD]Müte[B]c[/B]â[B]h[/B]i[B]l[/B] Müte[B]k[/B]â[B]m[/B]i[B]l[/B] Müte[B]m[/B]â[B]y[/B]i[B]l[/B] [/TD] [TD]Müsta[B]hk[/B]i[B]r[/B] Müsta[B]k[/B]i[B]ll[/B] Müste[B]m[/B]i[B]dd[/B] Müste[B]f[/B]î[B]d[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [/TABLE] [h=2][COLOR=#ff0000]İsm-i mef’ûl[/COLOR][/h] [h=2][COLOR=#ff0000] [/COLOR][/h]Fiilden etkileneni belirtmek için kullanılan kalıptır. “[B]C[/B]e[B]hl[/B]” fiilinin ism-i mef’ûlü “me[B]ch[/B]û[B]l[/B]=bilinmeyen”, “te[B]sc[/B]i[B]l[/B]” fiilinin ism-i mef’ûlü “mü[B]s[/B]e[B]cc[/B]e[B]l[/B]=te[B]sc[/B]i[B]l[/B] edilmiş” gibi. Ancak unutmayın; her fiilin ism-i mef’ûlü olacak diye bir kural yok. [h=3][COLOR=#ff0000]a. Mücerred (ilâvesiz) fiillerde[/COLOR][/h]Bütün üçlü mücerred fiillerin ism-i mef’ûlleri “مَفْعُولْ=[B]mef’ûl[/B]” vezninde olur. 1. kök harfinin başına “mim”, son harfinden evvel de “vav” ilâvesiyle yapılır. Türkçedeki yansıması şöyledir: [TABLE="align: center"] [TR] [TD][B]İsm-i fâil[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]Kök[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]me[B]ch[/B]û[B]l[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]c[/B]e[B]hl[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]ma[B]’l[/B]û[B]m[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]ilm[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]ma[B]hd[/B]û[B]d[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]h[/B]a[B]dd[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]ma[B]sd[/B]û[B]k[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]s[/B]a[B]d[/B]â[B]k[/B]at [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]ma[B]kt[/B]û[B]l[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]k[/B]a[B]tl[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]ma[B]hk[/B]û[B]m[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]h[/B]ü[B]km[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]me[B]şk[/B]û[B]r[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]ş[/B]ü[B]kr[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]ma[B]zl[/B]û[B]m[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]z[/B]u[B]lm[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]ma[B]tl[/B]û[B]p[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]t[/B]a[B]l[/B]e[B]p[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]me[B]şk[/B]û[B]r[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]ş[/B]ü[B]kr[/B]ân [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]me[B]s’[/B]û[B]l[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]s[/B]u[B]âl[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]me[B]'m[/B]û[B]r[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]emr[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]me[B]'z[/B]û[B]n[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]izn[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]ma[B]’r[/B]û[B]f[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]irf[/B]ân [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]ma[B]’d[/B]û[B]d[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]add[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]ma[B]’ş[/B]û[B]k[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]aşk[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [/TABLE] Dörtlü mücerred fiil olan “[B]fa’lele[/B]”nin ism-i mef’ûlü “مُفَعْلَلْ=[B]müfa’lel[/B]” vezninde olur. Türkçedeki yansıması şöyledir: [TABLE="width: 211, align: center"] [TR] [TD][B]İsm-i mef’ûl[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]Kök[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]mü[B]c[/B]e[B]vh[/B]e[B]r[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]c[/B]e[B]vh[/B]e[B]r[/B]e [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]mü[B]d[/B]e[B]bd[/B]e[B]b[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]d[/B]e[B]bd[/B]e[B]b[/B]e [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]mu[B]t[/B]a[B]nt[/B]a[B]n[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]t[/B]a[B]nt[/B]a[B]n[/B]a [/TD] [/TR] [/TABLE] [h=3][COLOR=#ff0000]b. Mezîd (ilâveli) fiillerde[/COLOR][/h] [TABLE="align: center"] [TR] [TD] [/TD] [TD][B]İf’âl[/B][B]([/B]إِفْعَالْ[B])[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]Tef’îl[/B][B]([/B]تَفْعِيلْ[B])[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]Müfâale[/B][B]([/B]مُفَاعَلَة[B])[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]İnfiâl[/B][B]([/B]اِنْفِعَالْ[B])[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]İsm-i mef’ûl[/B] [/TD] [TD]Mü[B]cb[/B]e[B]r[/B] Mü[B]sb[/B]e[B]t[/B] Mü[B]sn[/B]e[B]d[/B] Mü[B]dh[/B]a[B]l[/B] Mu[B]hk[/B]e[B]m[/B] Mü[B]hm[/B]e[B]l[/B] Mü[B]nk[/B]e[B]r[/B] Mu[B]r[/B]â[B]d[/B] [/TD] [TD]Mü[B]n[/B]a[B][U]kk[/U][/B]a[B]ş[/B] Mü[B]c[/B]e[B][U]ss[/U][/B]e[B]m[/B] Mü[B]ş[/B]e[B][U]kk[/U][/B]e[B]l[/B] Mü[B]e[U]dd[/U][/B]e[B]b[/B] [/TD] [TD]Mu[B]h[/B]â[B]t[/B]a[B]b[/B] [/TD] [TD]? [/TD] [/TR] [/TABLE] [TABLE="align: center"] [TR] [TD] [/TD] [TD][B]İftiâl [/B][B]([/B]اِفْتِعَالْ[B])[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]Tefe’’ul[/B] [B] ([/B]تَفَعُّلْ[B])[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]Tefâul[/B][B]([/B]تَفَاعُلْ[B])[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]İstif’âl[/B][B]([/B]اِسْتِفْعَالْ[B])[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][B]İsm-i mef’ûl[/B] [/TD] [TD]Mu[B]k[/B]te[B]b[/B]e[B]s[/B] Mü[B]k[/B]te[B]s[/B]e[B]b[/B] Mu[B]’[/B]te[B]m[/B]e[B]d[/B] [/TD] [TD]Müte[B]h[/B]a[B][U]yy[/U][/B]e[B]r[/B] Müte[B]h[/B]a[B][U]yy[/U][/B]e[B]l[/B] [/TD] [TD]? [/TD] [TD]Müsta[B]hk[/B]a[B]r[/B] Müsta[B]hd[/B]e[B]m[/B] Müste[B]h[/B]a[B]kk[/B] Müste[B]m[/B]e[B]dd[/B] Müste[B]f[/B]â[B]d[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [/TABLE] [h=2][COLOR=#ff0000]İsm-i mekan[/COLOR][/h] [h=2][COLOR=#ff0000] [/COLOR][/h]Bir fiilin işlendiği yeri gösteren isimlerdir. “مَفْعَلْ=[B]mef’al[/B]” veya “مَفْعِلْ=[B]mef’il[/B]” vezninde olur. Türkçedeki yansıması şöyledir: [TABLE="align: center"] [TR] [TD] [B]İsm-i mekân[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]Kök[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]me[B]kt[/B]e[B]b[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]k[/B]i[B]t[/B]â[B]b[/B]et [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]me[B]sl[/B]e[B]k[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]s[/B]ü[B]l[/B]û[B]k[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]me[B]dr[/B]e[B]s[/B]e [/TD] [TD][B]d[/B]e[B]rs[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]ma[B]hk[/B]e[B]m[/B]e [/TD] [TD][B]h[/B]u[B]km[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]me[B]nz[/B]i[B]l[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]n[/B]ü[B]z[/B]û[B]l[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]me[B]sc[/B]i[B]d[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]s[/B]e[B]cd[/B]e [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]me[B]cl[/B]i[B]s[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]c[/B]ü[B]l[/B]û[B]s[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [/TABLE] [h=2][COLOR=#ff0000]İsm-i mensûb[/COLOR][/h] [h=2][COLOR=#ff0000] [/COLOR][/h]İsm-i mensûb, bir şeye mensup olmayı veya ilgili bulunmayı ifade eder. Arapça ismin sonuna şeddeli bir “يّ=yâ” eklemek suretiyle elde edilir. Türkçede metinde ise, kelimenin sonuna –î eklenmiştir (sonda sesli bir harf var idiyse o kaldırılır). [TABLE="align: center"] [TR] [TD] [B]İsm-i mekân[/B] [/TD] [TD][B]Mânâsı[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Mekkî [/TD] [TD]Mekkeli [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Nursî [/TD] [TD]Nurs’lu [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Şemsî [/TD] [TD]Şems’le ilgili [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Kamerî [/TD] [TD]Kamer’le ilgili [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Rahmânî [/TD] [TD]Rahmân’a ait [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Manevî [/TD] [TD]Manaya ait olan [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Mecazî [/TD] [TD]Mecaza ait olan [/TD] [/TR] [/TABLE] [h=2][COLOR=#ff0000]Mübalağa sigası[/COLOR][/h] [h=2][/h]Bunlar mübalağa (yalan değil pekiştirme) ifade ederler. Meselâ “[B]R[/B]â[B]z[/B]ı[B]k[/B]” sadece “rızık veren” iken “[B]R[/B]e[B][U]zz[/U][/B]â[B]k[/B]” kelimesi, “bol ve sınırsız verme” gibi anlamları da katar. Başlıca vezinleri: [TABLE="width: 217, align: center"] [TR] [TD]Fa’âl (فَعَّالْ) [/TD] [TD][B]R[/B]e[B][U]zz[/U][/B]â[B]k[/B] [B]V[/B]e[B][U]hh[/U][/B]â[B]b[/B] [B]C[/B]e[B][U]rr[/U][/B]â[B]h[/B] [B]H[/B]a[B][U]mm[/U][/B]â[B]l[/B] [B]S[/B]e[B][U]hh[/U][/B]â[B]r[/B] [B]D[/B]e[B][U]ss[/U][/B]â[B]s[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Fe’âle (فَعَّالَة) [/TD] [TD][B]A[U]ll[/U][/B]â[B]m[/B]e [B]F[/B]e[B][U]hh[/U][/B]â[B]m[/B]e [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Faîl (فَعِيلْ) [/TD] [TD][B]Al[/B]î[B]m[/B] [B]R[/B]a[B]h[/B]î[B]m[/B] [B]K[/B]e[B]r[/B]î[B]m[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Fa’ûl (فَعُولْ) [/TD] [TD][B]S[/B]a[B]b[/B]û[B]r[/B] [B]S[/B]a[B]d[/B]û[B]k[/B] [B]Ş[/B]e[B]k[/B]û[B]r[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Fi’’îl (فِعِّيلْ) [/TD] [TD][B]S[/B]ı[B][U]dd[/U][/B]î[B]k[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Fuâl (فُعَالْ) [/TD] [TD][B]Ş[/B]ü[B]c[/B]â[B]’[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Mif’îl (مِفْعِيلْ) [/TD] [TD]Mi[B]sk[/B]î[B]n[/B] [/TD] [/TR] [/TABLE] [h=2][COLOR=#ff0000]İsm-i tafdîl[/COLOR][/h] [h=2][COLOR=#ff0000] [/COLOR][/h] “أفْعَلْ=[B]ef’al[/B]” vezninde olur. [TABLE="width: 397, align: center"] [TR] [TD]Ef’al (أَفْعَلْ) [/TD] [TD]E[B]ch[/B]e[B]l [/B](en/daha [B]c[/B]a[B]h[/B]i[B]l[/B]=bilgisiz) E[B]sl[/B]e[B]m [/B](en/daha [B]s[/B]â[B]l[/B]i[B]m[/B]=selâmetli) E[B]lz[/B]e[B]m [/B](en/daha [B]l[/B]a[B]z[/B]ı[B]m[/B]=lüzumlu) E[B]ly[/B]a[B]k [/B](en/daha [B]l[/B]a[B]y[/B]ı[B]k[/B]=liyâkatli) E[B]sf[/B]e[B]l [/B](en/daha [B]s[/B]ü[B]fl[/B]î=sefîl) E[B]kb[/B]e[B]r [/B](en/daha [B]k[/B]e[B]b[/B]î[B]r[/B]=büyük) E[B]ks[/B]e[B]r [/B](en/daha [B]k[/B]e[B]s[/B]î[B]r[/B]=çok) A[B]sğ[/B]a[B]r [/B](en/daha [B]s[/B]a[B]ğ[/B]î[B]r[/B]=küçük) E[B]s[/B]a[B]hh [/B](en/daha [B]s[/B]a[B]h[/B]i[B]h[/B]=sıhhatli) E[B]k[/B]a[B]ll [/B](en/daha [B]k[/B]a[B]l[/B]î[B]l[/B]=az) E[B]ş[/B]e[B]dd [/B](en/daha [B]ş[/B]e[B]d[/B]î[B]d[/B]=şiddetli) E[B]vlâ [/B](en/daha [B]v[/B]e[B]lî[/B]=yakın) A[B]’lâ [/B](en/daha [B]alî[/B]=yüce, iyi) [/TD] [/TR] [/TABLE] [COLOR=#ff0000][B]kaynak: [url=http://www.nuriklimi.com]Sorularla Risale | Ana Sayfa[/url][/B][/COLOR] [/QUOTE]
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